In a phone interview with Le360, Tiyal said cases commonly begin to emerge in October, at the start of autumn, or peak in January, during the heart of winter.
He explained that seasonal depression is linked to changes in daylight and weather, which can disrupt the body’s internal clock regulating sleep and wakefulness.
“This clock controls the secretion of several hormones and chemical substances in the brain,” the psychiatrist said. When seasonal changes shorten the day, hormonal imbalances can occur, potentially triggering significant psychological distress in people who are already vulnerable, he added.
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When low mood begins to affect daily life
Seasonal depression involves more than a passing dip in mood. Tiyal said it can leave people with little energy or motivation to work and take part in activities. Some withdraw from social life, avoiding friends and relatives.
These symptoms can persist for weeks and may be accompanied by significant sleep disturbances, changes in appetite and eating habits, and declining performance at work and in personal life.
Daylight, exercise and regular sleep
Tiyal stressed the importance of taking preventive steps early, particularly for people who are more psychologically vulnerable.
He recommends going outdoors in the morning, around sunrise, to make the most of available daylight. Regular physical activity, ideally four times a week, can also help, alongside maintaining consistent sleep schedules and staying in contact with friends and family rather than becoming isolated.
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The psychiatrist also pointed to light therapy, which uses specialised lamps to compensate for reduced exposure to sunlight. He said it can help prevent symptoms from worsening, particularly in countries where sunshine is limited.
When professional treatment is needed
If preventive measures are not enough and symptoms become more severe, medical treatment may be necessary. Tiyal said treatment options include medication and accompanying psychotherapy sessions.
He warned that severe psychological distress can have serious consequences, including suicidal thoughts, making timely intervention important. He also said women are more likely than men to experience seasonal depression.
